FOOTNOTE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS

from Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations

Examples are based on the sixth edition of A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertationsby Kate L. Turabian, revised by John Grossman and Alice Bennett. Adapted from the bibliography produced by the Undergraduate Library at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Examples that are italicized may be underlined by those using typewriters and computer systems that cannot italicize. When italics are used, adjacent punctuation (except parentheses or brackets) must also be italicized.

N=footnote or endnote entry   B=bibliographic entry

I. BOOKS
 
 
 
Single author:
N
    1John Hope Franklin, George Washington Williams:  A Biography

(Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1985), 54.
B
Franklin, John Hope.  George Washington Williams:  A Biography.

     Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 1985.

 
 
Two or three authors:
N
    2Robert Lynd and Helen Lynd, Middletown:  A Study in American

Culture (New York:  Harcourt, Brace and World, 1929), 67.
B
Lynd, Robert and Helen Lynd.  Middletown:  A Study in American Culture.

     New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1929.

 
 
More than three authors:
N
   4Martin Greenberger and others, eds., Networks for Research and

Education:  Sharing of Computer and Information Resources Nationwide

(Cambridge:  MIT Press, 1974), 50.
B
Greenberger, Martin, Julius Aronofsky, James L. McKenney, and William F.

     Massy, eds.  Networks for Research and Education:  Sharing of

     Computer and Information Resources Nationwide.  Cambridge:  MIT

     Press, 1974.

 
 
No author given:
N
      5The Lottery.  (London:  J. Watts,  [1732]), 20-25.
B
The Lottery.  London:  J. Watts, [1732].

Note: the date enclosed in square brackets indicates that the information was not found in the book itself.

 
 
 
Editor or compiler as "author":
N
    9Robert von Hallberg, ed., Canons (Chicago:  University of Chicago

Press, 1984), 225.
B
von Hallberg, Robert, ed.  Canons. Chicago:  University of Chicago Press,

     1984.

 
 
Author's work contained in author's collected works:
N
    11The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge,  ed. W. G. T.

Shedd, vol. 1, Aids to Reflection  (New York:  Harper & Bros., 1884), 18.
B
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.  The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor

     Coleridge.  Edited by W.G.T. Shedd.  Vol. 1, Aids to Reflection.

     New York:  Harper & Bros., 1884.

 
 
Separately titled volume in a multivolume work with a general title and editor(s):
N
    12 Gordon N. Ray, ed., An Introduction to Literature, vol. 2, The

Nature of Drama,by Hubert Hefner  (Boston:  Houghton Mifflin, 1959), 47- 

49.
B
Ray, Gordon N., ed.  An Introduction to Literature.  Vol. 2,  The Nature of

     Drama, by Hubert Hefner.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin, 1959.

 
 
Separately titled volume in a multivolume work with a general title and one author:
N
   13 Sewall Wright, Evolution and the Genetics of Populations,  vol.

Variability within and among Natural Populations (Chicago:  University

of Chicago Press, 1978), 67.
B
Wright, Sewall.  Evolution and the Genetics of Populations.  Vol. 4,

     Variability within and among Natural Populations.  Chicago:

     University of Chicago Press, 1978.

 
 
Edition other than first:
N
   16 M. M. Bober, Karl Marx's Interpretation of History, 2d ed.

Harvard Economic Studies  (Cambridge:  Harvard University Press, 1948), 89.
B
Bober, M. M.  Karl Marx's Interpretation of History, 2d ed. Harvard

     Economic Studies.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948.

 
 
Essay or chapter by one author in a work edited by another:
N
    24 Mary Higdon Beech, "The Domestic Realm in the Lives of Hindu    

Women in Calcutta," in Separate Worlds:  Studies of Purdah in South Asia,

ed. Hanna Papanek and Gail Minault (Delhi:  Chanakya, 1982), 115.
B
Beech, Mary Higdon.  "The Domestic Realm in the Lives of Hindu Women in 

     Calcutta."  In Separate Worlds:  Studies of Purdah in South Asia, ed.

     Hanna Papanek and Gail Minault, 110-38. Delhi:  Chanakya, 1982.

 
II. PERIODICALS

 
 
Article in a popular magazine:
N
    40Bruce Weber, "The Myth Maker:  The Creative Mind of Novelist 

E. L. Doctorow,"  New York Times Magazine, 20 October 1985, 42.
B
Weber, Bruce.  "The Myth Maker:  The Creative Mind of Novelist E. L.

     Doctorow."  New York Times Magazine, 20 October 1985, 42.

 
 
Article in a scholarly journal:
N
   37Richard Jackson, "Running down the Up-Escalator:  Regional     

Inequality in Papua New Guinea," Australian Geographer 14  (May 1979):  

180.
B
Jackson, Richard.  "Running down the Up-Escalator:  Regional Inequality in     

     Papua New Guinea."Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979):  175-84.

 
 
Book review in a journal:
N
   45Dwight Frankfather, review of The Disabled State, by Deborah A.    

Stone, Social Service Review  59 (September 1985):  524.
B
Frankfather, Dwight.  Review of The Disabled State, by Deborah A. Stone.      

     Social Service Review 59 (September 1985):  523-25.
Note: a book review does not always carry its own title, and sometimes the name of the reviewer is not mentioned. An entry might begin, therefore, Review of . . . .

III. ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES

Turabian's 6th edition explains that well-known reference books are generally not listed in bibliographies, and it does not give bibliographic examples. We have included examples from the 5th edition, designated by an asterisk (*), should you need to use them.
 
 
 
Signed articles:
N
    42Morris Jastrow, "Nebo,"in Encyclopedia Brittanica, 11th ed.
*B
Runes, Dagobert D. and Harry G. Schrickel, eds.  Encyclopedia of the Arts.      

     New York:  Philosophical Library, 1946.  S.v. "African Negro Art," by     

     James A. Porter.

 
 
Unsigned article:
N
    41Columbia  Encyclopedia, 5th ed., s.v. "cold war."
*B
Encyclopedia Americana, 1975 ed. S.v. "Sumatra."

IV. NEWSPAPERS

The following two examples are from the 5th edition of Turabian.
N
    41Andre Camille, "Deciding Who Gets Dibs on Health-Care Dollars,"    

Wall Street Journal, 27 March 1984, 30(W) and 34(E).
B
Camille, Andre.  "Deciding Who Gets Dibs on Health-Care Dollars."  Wall     

     Street Journal, 27 March 1984, 30(W) and 34(E).

If a newspaper is cited only once or twice in a research paper, a note is sufficient documentation:
N
  43Irish Daily Independent (Dublin), 16 June 1904.

 
V. SECOND OR SUBSEQUENT CITATIONS IN NOTES
   44Max Plowman, An Introduction to the Study of Blake (London:

Gollancz, 1982), 32.
 
With no intervening reference a second mention of the same page requires only
      45Ibid.
With no intervening reference but with reference to a different page
      47Ibid., 68.
With an intervening reference, give author's surname and page number
      51Plowman, 68.
With an intervening reference and more than one title by the author, give author's surname, a brief title, and page number
      65Plowman, Study of Blake, 125.
Note: Some publishers prefer that all citations with intervening references use a brief title even if only one work by a given author is cited.

VI. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES

      Thompson, Oscar, ed.  International Cyclopaedia of Music and Musicians.      

             New York:  Dodd, Mead, 1936.
             An admirable work that brings Grove up to date and deals adequately

      with contemporary music and American composers.
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